It is the starting point for downstream processes and product development including diagnostic kits. The extraction of biomolecules, DNA, RNA, and protein, is the most crucial method used in molecular biology. The technology should allow a high throughput of samples the yield, purity, reproducibility, and scalability of the biomolecules as well as the speed, accuracy, and reliability of the assay should be maximal, while minimizing the risk of cross-contamination.
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It is an alternative to labor-intensive manual methods. Automated systems designed for medium-to-large laboratories have grown in demand over recent years. Manual method has certainly come a long way over time with various commercial offerings which included complete kits containing most of the components needed to isolate nucleic acid, but most of them require repeated centrifugation steps, followed by removal of supernatants depending on the type of specimen and additional mechanical treatment. Currently, there are many specialized methods that can be used to extract pure biomolecules, such as solution-based and column-based protocols.
In the past, the process of extraction and purification of nucleic acids used to be complicated, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and limited in terms of overall throughput. These biomolecules can be isolated from any biological material for subsequent downstream processes, analytical, or preparative purposes. Extraction of DNA, RNA, and protein is the basic method used in molecular biology.
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